Locate Luke 20:40-21:6.
Jesus entered Jerusalem, greeted by the “hosaas” of a massive crowd. He spent the entire day in and around the temple area, teaching large crowds and being confronted by religious leaders. They tried everything to discredit Him publicly. The Pharisees, the Herodians, and the Sadducees all made their attempts.
Their efforts were in vain, as they were outwitted and exposed by the profound wisdom, clarity, and power of our Lord’s responses. Luke records in verse 40, “They no longer dared to ask Him any question.” This shift in dynamics is crucial. Now, it’s His turn to pose the questions. In verse 41, we encounter His query, “How is it that they say the Christ is David’s Son? David himself says in the book of Psalms, “The Lord said to my Lord, ‘Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies Your footstool.’” David, therefore, calls Him ‘Lord,’ so how is He his Son?’”
The nature of the Lord Jesus Christ, the very essence of Jesus, has been a subject of intense debate since His earthly existence and continues to be a hot topic today. The central question remains: Was Jesus God? Is He God? Or was He simply a man?
While the prevailing belief in the world is that Jesus was a man—noble, insightful, wise, devout, religious, compassionate, sacrificial, and well-intentioned, Christianity holds a distinct view. It affirms that Jesus is not just a man, but God Himself.
The implications of these contrasting views are significant. If Jesus is merely a man, it negates His divinity, Questions the authenticity of the Bible, and casts doubt on the legitimacy of Christianity. Conversely, if Jesus is indeed God, it establishes His sovereignty, validates the Bible, and confirms the authenticity of Christianity. This is a matter of utmost importance.
It is a fundamental belief in Christianity to affirm that Jesus is God. This is not just a view, it’s a unifying principle that defines our faith. Any view that defines His nature as anything less than divine renders it a non-Christian religion.
Apostate Christians
It’s important to note that some call themselves Christians but deny that Jesus is God. This belief is not consistent with true Christianity.
The Jews today, throughout history and at the time of Jesus, did not acknowledge Him as God. They did not recognize Him as Jehovah incarnate or as God, the second member of the Trinity. They didn’t believe the Messiah would be God. They believed the Messiah would be merely a man.
The Jews believed the Messiah would be a human who would come into the world, become the ruler of Israel, reestablish the kingdom of God, subject all Israel’s enemies, rule the nations from Jerusalem and fulfill all God’s promises to Abraham and David. They did not see the Messiah as God, the Son of God, or the Savior of siers. They saw Him only as a man.

This belief was prevalent among the people because it was what their leaders taught them. When Jesus claimed to be God, He was immediately labeled a blasphemer. Claiming to be God was considered the most heinous sin in their religious system, akin to madness.
Additionally, Jesus launched a fiery assault on their theology, power, influence, position, false righteousness, and even temple operations. This began at the start of His ministry, continued throughout, and intensified during this final week. He cleansed the temple, confronted their corruption, exposed their hypocrisy, and heightened their desire to get rid of Him.
The true Messiah, they believed, would be a man and nothing more. Jesus claiming to be God, wielding authority, cleansing the temple, and condemning their theology, self-righteousness, and religious practices were seen as crimes worthy of death. They tried to confront Him unsuccessfully throughout this week, and finally, as we read in Luke 20:40, they were silenced.

Believe the Truth About Christ
It’s now His time. This is His last time to engage the religious leaders of Israel, the influencers. It’s His last time. It’s His previous conversation. What might you imagine that conversation would be? Well, you would assume that if His conversation with them is the last one, He will discuss the most crucial matter, and He does. And He asks them this question, verse 41. “He said to them, ‘How is it that they say the Christ is David’s son?’ ” Let’s call that a discerning question, a discerning question. It gets to the core, penetrating, provocative, and discerning questions. How is it that they say the Messiah is David’s son?
Now, just a reminder, Matthew has an account of this question by Jesus. Mark has an account of this question by Jesus. And Matthew and Mark’s accounts enrich this one, as we often see in these synoptic gospels. If we go to Matthew and Mark, we get a few things that will help us. The first one is to ask why Jesus is bringing this up.
Isn’t He aware at this point that they have entirely rejected Him? What is the point of going back to clarify who He is again? What is the end of that?
They are fixed and resolute in their animosity and their hatred. They want Him dead, and every moment that goes by, they want it more desperately. Why is He bringing up this issue of His identity again? And the answer comes from Mark 12:34. He knew of some not far from the kingdom. He knew of some who were not far from the kingdom. That would include, for example, one of the leaders by the name of Joseph from Arimathea, who you meet later as the one who provides a tomb for the Lord.
Believe it or not, this is one final evangelistic effort.
He has confronted them with the strongest rebukes. He has publicly shamed them for their corruption and lies. But He still manifests enough concern to speak one more time the truth, for He, as God, has no pleasure in the death of the wicked. His joy is in the salvation of siers. His sadness is in their destruction.

Back to Luke 19:41. When He first approached Jerusalem, at that triumphal entry a few days earlier, He saw the city and wept over it. He is the weeping Savior. And so one more time, He calls them to the truth about Himself. And this is essential for salvation. No one will go to heaven who does not believe Jesus is God, no one. No one.
This is the clear, unmistakable, unambiguous testimony of Scripture. John 5:37, “And the Father who sent Me, He has born witness of Me. You have neither heard His Word at any time nor seen His form. And you do not have His Word abiding in you, for you do not believe Him whom He sent.”
If you don’t believe the truth about Christ, you have no relationship with God.
The apostle Paul put it this way. “If anyone does not love the Lord Jesus Christ, affirming Him to be who He is, let him be damned.”
1 John 2:22, “Who is the liar but the one who denies that Jesus is the Christ? This is the antichrist, the one who denies the Father and the Son. Whoever denies the Son does not have the Father; the one who confesses the Son has the Father also.”
You have no relationship with the Father unless you confess the truth about the Son.
The Lord Jesus affirms and asserts His divine nature as God, thus offering Himself to those who despise Him.

Prodigal Son
Return to chapter 15 momentarily, to the vibrant story we know as the Prodigal Son, a tale of two sons and a fantastic father. In this story, the Prodigal Son returns, and the father embraces him, reconciles with him, kisses him, puts a ring on his finger, a robe on him, shoes on his feet, and holds a celebration.
In the middle of this celebration, the older brother appears. Verse 25 says he “was in the field, and as he approached the house, he heard music and dancing. He summoned one of the servants and inquired what these things might be. The servant said, ‘Your brother has come, and your father has killed the fattened calf because he has received him back safe and sound.’ But he became angry and was not willing to go in. His father came out and began pleading with him.”
The older brother represents the Pharisees, scribes, legalists, and religious leaders. The Prodigal Son represents the outcasts, tax collectors, prostitutes, riffraff, and siers. They were coming to God, coming to Christ, being loved, forgiven, and embraced. This outraged the self-righteous, legalistic Pharisees, symbolized by the older brother.
What was the father’s response to this? He begins imploring him, and in verse 29, the older brother says to his father, “Look! For so many years, I’ve been serving you, and I’ve never neglected your command, yet you’ve never given me a goat so that I might celebrate with my friends. But when this son of yours came who has devoured your wealth with prostitutes, you killed the fattened calf for him.”
The father responds, “My child, you have always been with me, and all that is mine is yours. I offer it to you; I’ve always offered it to you.”

Jesus is Confronting the Older Brother
Returning to Luke 20, Jesus once again confronts the Pharisees, the scribes, and the religious leaders—the older brother figures—who have repeatedly complained that He embraces siers and prodigals. Here, Jesus invites them to reconsider who He is and to receive the blessings He offers to a repentant heart.
Pertinent Question
Jesus poses a crucial question to them. For context, refer to Matthew 22:41, where the conversation begins. Matthew, Mark, and Luke all record the same incident, each providing unique details.
In Matthew 22:41, Jesus asks, “What do you think about the Christ, whose son is He?” They respond with one word: “David’s.”
Luke records Jesus asking, “How do they say the Christ is David’s son?” He challenges their standard answer. They believed the Messiah would be merely a man, though the best and noblest of men, and a son of David. This was their firmly held belief.
This question gets to the heart of Christianity—the nature of Jesus Christ. If Jesus is just another man, then the Bible is not valid; He is not God, and Christianity is invalid. They were convinced the Messiah would be merely a man. So, Jesus places this direct, pertinent, and essential question before them.

Another Question
Their response was deficient. When asked about Christ, they answered, “David’s,” referring to Him as the Son of David. This was true, as 2 Samuel 7:12-14 prophesies that the Messiah would come from the line of David.
Psalm 89 reiterates this several times, and we see the same in
Amos 9:11 and
Micah 5:2. The Messiah was indeed to come from David’s lineage.
This belief was common among Jews in Jesus’ day and was so evident in the Old Testament that everyone accepted it.
Son of David
In Matthew 9:27, two blind men follow Jesus, crying, “Have mercy on us, Son of David!” The people recognize that the Messiah will be the Son of David and know Jesus is of Davidic descent.
This acknowledgment was frequent. In Matthew 12:23, after Jesus healed a blind and mute demon-possessed man, the crowds were amazed and said, “Could this be the Son of David?”
Again, this shows their understanding that the Messiah would be the Son of David. In Matthew 15:22, a Canaanite woman cried out, “Have mercy on me, O Lord, Son of David; my daughter is cruelly demon-possessed.”

Matthew 20:30, two blind men from Jericho cried, “Lord, have mercy on us, Son of David.” When Jesus entered the city, the crowds shouted, “Hosaa to the Son of David” (Matthew 21:9).
Luke 18:38-39, the blind men from Jericho cried, “Have mercy on us, Son of David.”
Jesus was indeed in the Davidic line. The genealogy in Matthew 1 confirms this, as does the genealogy in Luke 3. Both His father, Joseph, and His mother, Mary, were of Davidic descent. Jesus, by blood through His mother and by right through His father (even though Joseph was not His biological father), was indeed the Son of David.
If Jesus had not been a Son of David, the religious leaders would have quickly noted this, as they kept meticulous genealogical records. These records, destroyed in 70 A.D., traced Jewish families in detail. The scribes and Pharisees would have discredited Jesus on the spot if He hadn’t been in David’s line, but they knew He was. This was a correct answer but an incomplete one.
When people called Jesus the “Son of David,” the religious leaders reacted negatively because they knew this wasn’t just an identification of His family lineage. They understood that people were recognizing Him as the Messiah. While it was acceptable for Him to be a descendant of David, it was unacceptable to them for Him to be the Son of David, the Messiah. So, while Jesus’ Davidic descent was accurate, it was insufficient to describe His identity fully.

Divine Reality
In Luke 20:42, Jesus poses a profound question: “How is it that they say the Christ is David’s son? How can you say that when David himself says in the book of Psalms, ‘The Lord said to my Lord, sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet’? David, therefore, calls Him ‘Lord,’ so how is He his son?”
Argument of Jesus
Jesus challenges the leaders: Why do you call the Messiah only David’s son when David himself says in Psalm 110:1, “The Lord said to my Lord, sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet”?
Everyone knew Psalm 110 was Messianic. The Jews universally understood it as referring to the coming Messiah, who would sit at the right hand of God, holding a position of power and authority, and make all Israel’s enemies a footstool for His feet. This Messiah is the conquering hero, very reminiscent of Psalm 2. The Messiah would wield the authority and power of God, subduing all God’s, and thus Israel’s, enemies.

Destroy the Enemies
To make one’s enemies a footstool was a symbol of total conquest. Joshua 10 illustrates this when five kings were brought to Joshua. He called the chiefs of Israel’s warriors to place their feet on the necks of these kings, symbolizing their defeat and subsequent execution.
Everyone understood this symbol. So, if Psalm 110 is Messianic and the Messiah is to be David’s son, how can David call Him “Lord”? Psalm 110 begins, “The Lord said to my Lord,” indicating that Yahweh is speaking to the Messiah, whom David calls “my Lord.” How can the Messiah be both David’s Son and David’s Lord? The only explanation is that the Messiah is the eternal God who becomes man.
This argument stued the Jews. The implications were so profound that they scrambled for centuries to reinterpret Psalm 110. They proposed figures like Abraham, Melchizedek, and Judas Maccabeus, altering the text to fit these interpretations. They did everything to make Psalm 110 non-Messianic because if it referred to the Messiah, and the Messiah is David’s Son, yet David calls Him “Lord,” it means the Messiah is both man and God.
Messiah is Both
The Messiah is the eternal Son of God and a human descendant of David. He is David’s Son and David’s Lord. If the Messiah were merely an ancestor to come centuries later, how could David, in the present tense, call Him “my Lord”?
This passage highlights the importance of precise Bible exposition. Getting the words, phrases, and even the prepositions and pronouns right is crucial for understanding the true nature of Scripture.

Nothing to Say
Luke 20:44 sums it up: “David therefore calls Him ‘Lord,’ so how is He only his son?” This presents an impossible dilemma for the Jews. They were utterly stopped in their tracks. Matthew corroborates this, noting that after this incident, “No one was able to answer Him a word, nor did anyone dare to ask Him another question from that day on” (Matthew 22:46).
Following the discussion with the Sadducees, Luke mentions that it was over. The Pharisees regrouped after their meeting, trying to bring up one more issue, but Jesus confronted them. They were already done, but this final confrontation sealed it. Luke records that they had nothing left to say. Jesus posed the question, and they couldn’t answer. They were doubly silenced.
There’s nowhere to turn if you reject Jesus Christ. Don’t offer any patronizing nonsense about Jesus being a good person and the Bible being an excellent book. The Bible declares that Jesus is God—David’s Son and David’s Lord. He is the God-Man. If you believe this, you affirm Scripture. If you do not think it, you deny Scripture. In that case, the Bible becomes a deception to you, and Jesus is a fraud. The Bible would then be entirely of lies, and Christianity should be abandoned.
However, if the Bible is true—and it is—then Jesus is both God and Man. Therefore, what He says is true; what He did is the only way of salvation, and faith in Him alone is the way to heaven.

Attributes of God
Christ perfectly represents God in human form, as stated in Hebrews 1. The Jews wouldn’t believe this, no matter what He did. Consider Luke 22:66, which takes place after Jesus is arrested. Verse 66 says, “When it was day, the Council of elders of the people, the chief priests and scribes, assembled, and led Him away to their council chamber, saying, ‘If You are the Christ, tell us.’” This reveals their hard-heartedness. Jesus responds, “If I tell you, you will not believe, and if I ask a question, you will not answer.”
They never denied His miracles, wisdom, or exposition of Scripture. They couldn’t discredit the answers He gave; they simply wouldn’t believe them. This is a sad error for many throughout history and even today.
What about you? Are you like these hard-hearted leaders who see everything yet refuse to believe? Or are you part of the indecisive crowd, easily swayed—one-day crying “Hosaa,” and a few days later, “Crucify Him”? What is your response to the question of whose son Jesus Christ is? If He is the Son of God, then He is truly the Messiah, the Lord, the only Savior, and the only way by which a sier, through faith alone, can escape hell and enter heaven.

Some Attributes of God
1. Eternality
– John 1:1-2: “In the begiing was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was with God in the begiing.”
– John 8:58: “Jesus said to them, ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.'”
2. Omniscience
– John 16:30: “Now we know that you know all things and do not need anyone to question you; this is why we believe that you came from God.”
– Colossians 2:3: “In whom are hidden all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge.”
3. Omnipotence
– Matthew 28:18: “And Jesus came and said to them, ‘All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me.'”
– Hebrews 1:3: “He is the radiance of the glory of God and the exact imprint of his nature, and he upholds the universe by the word of his power.”

4. Omnipresence
– Matthew 18:20: “For where two or three are gathered in my name, there am I among them.”
– Matthew 28:20: “Teaching them to observe all I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.”
5. Immutability
– Hebrews 13:8: “Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever.”
– James 1:17: “Every good gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom there is no variation or shadow due to change.”
6. Holiness
– Luke 1:35: “And the angel answered her, ‘The Holy Spirit will come upon you, and the power of the Most High will overshadow you; therefore the child to be born will be called holy—the Son of God.’
– Hebrews 7:26: “For it was indeed fitting that we should have such a high priest, holy, iocent, unstained, separated from siers, and exalted above the heavens.”
7. Love
– John 15:13: “Greater love has no one than this, that someone lay down his life for his friends.”
– Romans 8:35: “Who shall separate us from the love of Christ? Shall tribulation, or distress, or persecution, or famine, or nakedness, or danger, or sword?”

8. Truth
– John 14:6: “Jesus said to him, ‘I am the way, the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.'”
– John 1:14: “And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth.”
9. Forgiveness of Sins
– Mark 2:5-7: “And when Jesus saw their faith, he said to the paralytic, ‘Son, your sins are forgiven.’ Some scribes were sitting there, questioning, ‘Why does this man speak like that? He is blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God alone?'”
– Luke 7:48: “And he said to her, ‘Your sins are forgiven.'”

10. Creator
– John 1:3: “All things were made through him, and without him was not anything made that was made.”
– Colossians 1:16: “For by him all things were created, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or dominions or rulers or authorities—all things were created through him and for him.”
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